Finally, when the Carthaginian Senate was unable to decide between Hamilcar and Hanno, the people's assembly left it to the army to decide on their Commander in Chief, and Hamilcar Barca was elected to sole command. He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. [103] Negotiations with the "Tartessian" tribes were successfully concluded, but Hamilcar faced hostility from the Turdetani or Turduli tribe, near the foothills of modern Seville and Crdoba. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Hamilcar Barca is listed in the tavern under Others and costs 17,000,000 gold. 143; Miano, Diccion. We care about our planet! Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). Shop paperbacks, eBooks, and more! Since the coin was found near Lake Trasimene where Hannibal defeated the Romans, this fact offers good confirmation that coins image resembled Hannibals real ethnic appearance because one of way of celebrating a victory in ancient warfare was to have a coin minted in your honor and showing yourself as your enemys deity. His son was Hannibal, famous for his exploits during the Second Punic War. The Undefeated army now created a unique problem for Carthage. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, So he did. Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army for Utica. Had Hamilcar suffered a decisive defeat, casualties and prisoners would have diminished their numbers and Carthage would have had an excuse not to pay anything. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241BC, following the defeat of Carthage. After lots of digging and research, it has been proven that the renowned Hannibal was African and Black. Hannibal was inclined to the god, Apollo. Their choice to minimize the Sicilian operations while Hamilcar was in command, reduce the navy and support Hanno the Great's conquests in Africa, all of which were causes for the ultimate defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. After retaking the Seven Words a city situated on the slopes of Gorkoman mountain, Hamilcar was forewarned by Lord-Veritant Vikaeus of an imminent Skaven attack. [106] Hamilcar now had the means to pay for his mercenary army and also to ship silver ore to Carthage to help pay off the war indemnity. [55] Hamilcar observed that wind blowing from a certain direction uncovered a sandbar at the river mouth that was fordable and, under cover of night, the Punic army left Carthage and crossed the river. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Hamilcar Barca, Barca also spelled Barcas, (died winter 229/228 bce ), general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264-241 bce ). The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. This loss was not huge, but after decades of war, it drove the cash-strapped Carthaginians to instruct Hamilcar to seek peace terms. Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie & John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210. The Carthaginians needed to gain the far side of the Bagradas, so they could manoeuvre freely, but lacked the strength to force a crossing against the superior rebel force guarding against this. Hippacra and Utica were both besieged, and Hanno was unable to free them. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. This act would have an incredibly psychological impact on the surrounding Roman population in those days. She apparently was from Lisbon. Legend tells that he founded the port of Barcino (deriving its name from the Barca family), which was later adopted and used by the Roman Empire and is, today, the city of Barcelona. During the Second Punic War, Hannibal inflicted crushing defeats on Roman armies, particularly in the battle of Cannae where 70,000 Romans died following the engagement. Gisco sensibly sent the troops to Carthage in small groups with intervals in between[49] so the government could pay them off without trouble. While Hamilcar campaigned in Iberia, Rome was entangled in Sardinia, Corsica and Liguria, where the natives had put up stiff resistance against Roman occupation campaigns had been fought in these areas between 236 231 BC to retain and expand Roman dominion. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated about the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily and Sardinia. Autaritus spread the rumor that Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape. By the time Hamilcar had conquered southern and south-east Spain, Rome became suspicious of their old enemy's intentions. Hamilcar killed his prisoners and announced a policy of equal measure toward future rebel prisoners, thus ending any chance of desertion from the rebel army and the truceless war began in earnest. barak "lightning"), Carthaginian general and statesman, father of Hannibal, was born soon after 270 B.C. The new joiners were armed with equipment captured from the rebels. Hamilcar Barca, Kartacallarn lideri olan Hamilcar Barca, Roma'ya kar Sicilya adasnda baarl mcadeleler gstermitir. Willing to relocate. [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. Carthage sent an expedition to Sardinia under Hanno, but this force killed their officers and joined the rebels. [110] Massalia, probably alarmed by the Carthaginian advance towards their area of influence, mentioned this expansion to the Romans, who decided to investigate the matter. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. As this was in line with the goal of the "Peace Party" of Hanno the Great, probably no serious opposition was offered. The rebels, under Spendius and Matho, were joined by 70,000 African subjects of Carthage. Cartwright, M. (2016, June 01). Having secured control over the mines, and the river routes of Guadalquiver and Guadalete giving access to the mining area, Gades began to mint silver coins from 237 BC. Hamilcar probably fought an inconclusive battle at Drepanum,[22] but there is cause to doubt this.[24]. Italy. Hamilcar Barca (c. 275-228 BC), the great Carthaginian general and father of the famous Hannibal and his brothers Hasdrubal and Mago, was from North Africa, perhaps born in Cyrene in Libya, according to some scholars. Hamilcar felt that Carthage had given up on Sicily too soon in the First Punic War. Autaritus announced that he would do the same with all Punic prisoners that fell into rebel hands in future. Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). The difference was that Fabius commanded a numerically superior army to his opponent, had no supply problems, and had room to manoeuvre, while Hamilcar was mostly static, had a far smaller army than the Romans and was dependent on seaborne supplies from Carthage. Hamilcar Barca (ca. Hamilcar's other two sons were Hasdrubal Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, both of whom commanded during the Second Punic War. The riches from these campaigns were channelled back to Carthage. He was born in 247 BC to Hamilcar Barca who was also a chief in the Carthaginian army. According to one line of thought,[60] the Carthaginian army order of march had the War Elephants leading the column, with the light troops and cavalry behind the elephants. The expelled mercenaries took refuge in Italy and again requested Rome to take over Sardinia. By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over. Hamilcar retired to Africa after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Carthage sent a mercenary force under Hanno to retake the island in 239 BC, but this group also rebelled, killing Hanno and their Carthaginian officers and joining the rebels in Sardinia. Nothing had come of these supposed episodes and some scholars doubt their authenticity. 285-c. 229 B.C.) Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. To forestall any such event, rebels committed an act of cruelty unpardonable by Carthage. Hamilcar in turn nominated Gisco,[38] the Carthaginian commander of Lilybaeum, to conduct the talks. Although the Carthaginians were a mixed population, the Carthaginian military was dominated by Numidians, which was a mixture of a black Africans, Nubians, and Berber extract that lived among the Carthaginians and who were prevalent in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and elsewhere throughout North Africa. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. An unnamed fourth son is often referred to, but details are lacking. Carthage will ransom all Punic prisoners, while all Roman prisoners would be freed without payment of ransom. Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. Hamilcar Barca, vel Barcas ( Punice , a barak, 'fulgur') (natus 270 a.C.n. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. The traditional historiography up to the 80's interpreted the Carthaginian policy on the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the VI century BC as basically one of imperial domination directed at replacing the Phoenician presence by direct Carthaginian control. But who reads Polybius (1.65-83) can see how he came to this act. Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. If he had lived in the United . He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247BC to 241BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. [33] Hamilcar managed to inflict severe casualties on the Romans soon after, and when the Roman consul requested a truce to bury his dead, Hamilcar replied that his quarrel was with the living only and the dead had already settled their dues, and granted the truce.[34]. No. [75] The Mercantile Class, whose interests were hurt by the war, and would be marginalized by the abandonment of overseas operations, also supported this faction. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Hamilcar & the Barcid line would dominate the Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next 35 years. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. Hamilcar simply replied that he was fighting to gather enough booty to pay off the war indemnity. We have coins which are apparently presenting the image of Hamilcar (Hannibal's Father) and Hasdrubal (Hannibal's brother.) But the rebels would sally out from their camp at Tunis and approach the city walls to cause terror inside the city. The Book of Weapons; Dwight Jon Zimmerman; 2009. Hey, this is another piece I wrote, this time a mini biography. Hamilcar Barca ( c. 270 -228 BC) served as a Carthaginian general during and after the First Punic War. He employed combined arms tactics, like Alexander and Pyrrhus,[20] and his strategy was similar to the one employed by Quintus Fabius Maximus in the Second Punic War, ironically against Hannibal, the eldest son of Hamilcar Barca, in Italy during 217 BC. Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. Livy states Hanno son of Hamilcar in 204 BC left Carthage with 4,000 cavalry and never came back. Carthage would pay 2,200 silver talents in 10 year installments, and 1,000 talents immediately; a total of 3,200 talents as war reparations. Carthage faced a joint rebellion of mercenary troops, understandably upset at not having been paid for their efforts in the first Punic War, Libyan groups seizing the opportunity of a weakened Carthage to rebel, and several cities looking for independence such as Tunis and Utica. [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. Elsewhere, things did not go so well. Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. vii. Our Team The name Hamilcar (PunicPhoenician mlqrt, brother of Melqart) was a common name for Carth Hamilcar was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 BC, when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Hanno "The Great"[14] was in charge of operations in Africa since 248 BC and had conquered considerable territory by 241 BC. Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. ; mortuus anno 228 a.C.n. Syracuse redoubled the volume of supplies sent to Carthage. 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